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HISTORY OF
PERU
The situation of Peru in America and in the world:
Peru is situated in the American continent in the
central and western part of South America. Its costs are
washed by the Pacific Ocean and it is opposite to Asia
and Australia.
It is situated in Southern Hemisphere called Medidional
or Austral, because it is South of Ecuador line, which
is as we know the principal parallel that divides the
Earth into two hemispheres: the Northern, Boreal or
Septentrional and the Southern which we are referring
to.
Perú is situated also in the Western Hemisphere of
the Greenwich Meridian (England), base meridian imposed
by the custom of navigators in the course of history,
that divides the earth longitudinally into
two Hemispheres: the eastern and the western..
The actual location of Peru in the world is betwing the
parallels:
0º 01` 48 `` Lat. South, on its northern
extremity.
18º 21` 03`` Lat. South on its southern
extremity.
68º 39` 27`` west longitude on its eastern
extremity.
81º 19` 34.5`` west longitude on its western
extremity.
CLIMATIC ZONE WHERE PERU IS SITUATED.
Perú is situated between the Ecuador and the tropic
of Capricorn in the Torrid Zone, (tropics of
cancer/Capricornia); e.i the warm part of the Earth,
where solar rays come vertically in the solstices.
Our country should have a warm temperature, like
African countries, Brazil or the Pacific islands,. It
should be very damp and with heavy rains. But this
climate has been modified because of certain accidents
and geographical phenomenons, principally the Andean
Mountains and the Peruvian current or Humboldt that
washes our coast and cools its ambient air. The climate
has been also modified because of alisios wind that
blow from south east, they discharge all their humidity
in the high jungle.
In the cost the climate is generally temperate,
except in the north cost that has a semi tropical
because is not under the influence of Humboldt Current
but submitted to the Niño current that comes from the
north.
The Sierra or region of the Mountains or Region Andina has a variable climate especially during the day.
it goes from the warm one in the low parts of the
valleys and ravines to the temperate and cold climates
in the high parts, only regions of the jungle also
called Montaña has a warm and damp climate with heavy
rains, as correspond to its latitude.
THE EXTENTION OF TERRITORY AND ITS UTILITY.
Our territory has suffered variations in the course of
its history. At the present time our territory has a
superficial extension of a million-two hundred and
eighty -five thousand two hundred and sixteen square
kilometres (1`285,216 km2 I.N-P) including the islands
of the cost and part of the Lake Titi Kaka.
The territory of Peru is not totally inhabitable for
human beings except in small part, Peruvians had to
life, since ancient times, in one of the most
mountainous, unlevelled, and unequal regions of the
world, where a great part of its territory is not
productive, because it is formed by volcanic rocks ,
eternal snow, dead sand,, hart or frozen lands, where
plants and animals life disappear, a great part of what
you see on the maps is not inhabitable, it is easier to
see when you travel through Peru, the low jungle is
inhabitable in part.
DISTRIBUTION OF THE WATER.
It is a peculiar characteristic of the Peruvian
territory the unequal distribution of the water and
...land, this is important for understanding the life
in our population. Both
are not
equally distributed.
In the cost it hardly rains, in the mountains it rains
with certain regularity and it rains heavily in the
jungle. Apart from this the great rivers that are formed
in the mountains (sierra) go to the jungle and not to
the coast. The high tops of the Andes Mountains divides
the regimen of the water into two watersheds or basins
principally the Amazonian and the Pacific basin. The
great rivers that are formed at the tops of the
highlands are; Marañon, Santa, Mantaro, Urubamba,
Apurimaq and Others. After running through the territory
of the Andes, they take the eastern direction to
contribute their water to form the great Amazonas, only
the river Santa takes the Western direction, and
flowing through the Cañon Del Pato, spills its water on
the cost region. This is the poorest region because of
the supply of the water. Besides the river Santa, the
few rivers that are formed in the western Andes, product
of the thaws or the rains in the mountains, are of
variable supply and small in general.
The Lake Titi Kaka is formed by those rivers that
have their origin in the western (Vilcanota Mountains)
and Eastern Mountains (Carabaya Mountains) of the South
Andes, they are short rivers which are formed to the
east and west of this mountains, after running through
the high plateaus of Collao, they spill their water in
the famous lake Titi Kaka which is of great importance
in the history of Old Peru and the current Bolivia, e.i
one part belong to Peru and the other to Bolivia, and
the lake it self belong in joining to both countries,
Due to the low temperature in the plateau the rivers do
not form productive valleys as we`ll see later.
In Order to modify this negative natural landscape
in the region of the coast, Peru has made, is making and
will have to make great works of irrigation to bring to
this region the water of several rivers witch flow to
the east to increase the flood of the great rivers that
form the Amazon. Peru has also to make more works to
bring to the
coast the water of the ponds that are formed in the
western part of the Andes.
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